A hybrid car is a car that uses two or more distinct power sources to move the car. The term most commonly refers to hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs). It combine an internal combustion engines (generally gasoline or Diesel engines, powered by a variety of fuels) and electric batteries to power electric motors.
A hybrid electric vehicle produces far less toxic emissions then standard gasoline only vehicles. The Toyota Prius, for example, has 90% less emissions then a comparably sized conventional car. The use of the electric motor for propulsion in low speed environments and the technology that allows a HEV to turn off the combustion engine when idling greatly reduces the emissions from the vehicle. Hybrid electric vehicles use smaller engines than conventional automobiles and have less moving parts that are prone to wearing out and creating waste. The most attractive environmental advantage to an HEV is the increased fuel efficiency of these types of vehicles. For most consumers, this is the most important advantage of all during times of high fuel prices and the environmental benefit of the vehicle consuming less fossil fuel often goes unrecognized.
Engine: More efficient than traditional engine found in most cars
Electric motor: Uses magnets to produce output
Battery: Charged by engine via generator when cruising, or electric motor when braking
Power split device: Allows engine and motor to be used independently, or together
Braking system: Energy from braking recharges battery, by using motor as generator
Inverter: Converts DC power from battery to AC power for motor
Toyota was the first to make a broadly accepted hybrid vehicle with the Toyota Prius in 1998. By early 2010, the Prius global cumulative sales were estimated at 1.6 million units. The 2010 Prius has an estimated U.S. Environmental Protection Agency combined fuel economy cycle of 50 miles per US gallon (4.7 L/100 km).
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